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Security for Critical Data

When organization is migrating to digital transformation, data security is a big concern. Digital transformation impacts every aspect of business operation and execution. The volume of data that any organization creates, manipulates, and stores digitally is growing, and that drives a greater need for data governance. Large volume of data security is the biggest challenge for any organization for their entire data lifecycle. 

Data security is a process to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft  during the entire data lifecycle.

Here are a few steps to mitigate data risk and implement data security.

  • Event Monitoring
  • Data Detection
  • Data Encryption
  • Data Audit Trail

Event Monitoring – This activity includes Prevention, mitigation, and monitoring threats to sensitive data.

  • Monitor user activity – Know who is accessing data from where with real-time event streaming and min 3-6 months of event history.
  • Prevent and mitigate threats – Define and  build Transaction Security policies using declarative conditions or code to prevent and mitigate threats.
  • Drive adoption and performance – Analyze user behavior to enable security training for organization and find security bottlenecks to improve user experience.
  • Event Log Files – Create event log file for rich visibility into your org for security, adoption and performance purposes

Data Detection –  Find and classify the sensitive data quickly and mitigate data risk. 

  • Monitor Data Classification Coverage – Determine which data in your organization have been categorized versus uncategorized. High sensitive data needs to be secure properly. Label data appropriately to manage data security.

Data Encryption – Encrypt sensitive data at rest while preserving business functionality.

  • Encrypt data and maintain functionality – Protect data and attachments while data search, lookups, transportation and storage.
  • Key Management – Data encryption key management is very important to secure organization data. It includes control and authorization of data encryption keys.
  • Policy Management – Data policy management is defining and managing rules or procedures for accessing data. It allows individuals to follow certain processes to access data during storing or transit.. 

Data Audit Trail – It allows strengthening data integrity for an extended period. This strengthening data integrity process enables compliance and gains insights.

  • Data History – Store data as long as you can use this historical data for audit Trail or delete if you do not need this data.
  • Data retention policy – Data retention policy defines what data or how long this historical data needs to be stored for audit. Based on sensitivity of data you can archive from 3-6 months or more.
  • Insight of data – Create insight and dashboard for data audit transparency. It allows any organization to track any compliance or data security issue.
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AIR India Deal: Catalyst for Aviation Industries

The COVID-19 pandemic caused total disruption in the airline industry. The aviation sector struggled to survive, with 80 percent of flights canceled during the pandemic. Whole travel & hospitality industries were struggling with pandemic slowdown. Before the revival from pandemic Russia-Ukraine war affected the aviation industries. Oil and maintenance price increased which reduced profit margin for aviation sector. So many routes got canceled or restructured airline routing. On top of that, Airlines canceled thousands of flights as a massive winter storm and bitter cold swept the U.S., which directly impacted airlines revenue. Remote work is also impacting aviation industries. Most company travel related work reduces tremendously and it is directly impacting aviation industries.

This disruption directly impacted airlines manufacturers and supporting industries. Aviation Modernization getting impacted with these aviation disruption. Budget cuts are also slowing down digital transformation of airlines industries. Aviation industry leaders were expecting recovery would be very long and it would change forever.

But in the economic slowdown and pandemic affected aviation industries, Air India deal with Boeing and Airbus came with new hope for aviation industries. This deal will help to re-energize and rejuvenate whole aviation industries. This deal is going to impact at least 3 continents and will generate millions of job opportunities. This will help to stop the economic slowdown and restart the economic engine. Air India is going to buy 460 aircraft from two main aircraft manufacturers. This is the 2nd largest aircraft order in the history of global aviation. It is called the mother of all deals in aircraft industries. Total list price for these deals are approx. 80 billion dollars. These deals are splitted between two aircraft manufacturers, Boeing and Airbus. Boeing is providing a total 220 aircraft and Airbus will deliver 240 aircrafts. This mega deal is so huge that it is elevating India’s image and putting India as a bright spot in the whole world economy.

Now lets see how this deal is going to affect the Aircraft Manufacturer, Airlines and Airport sector.

Aircraft Manufacturer
  1. Parts traceability for Airbus and Boeing – Boeing Aircraft parts manufacturers spread across approx. 3 North America countries and 44 US states. Similarly Airbus parts manufacturers are  spread across  approximately 10 European countries. This will lead to generating millions of jobs in these places but the big challenge is to manage part traceability and assembly of these parts. Materials management team picks and packs parts into kits to be delivered to the parts assembly working area in the aircraft factory. Create a robust system for real-time visibility of these parts for quick collaboration and decisions.
  1. Certification Compliances traceability  – Each small aircraft part is a very critical item for aircraft assembly. All these parts need to be certified with the external Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for US and European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) for European countries. Tracing and management of these certifications is one of the most important  activities for Aircraft industries. This system should be highly visible and audited for aircraft safety.
  1.  Cross Team Visibility and Collaboration –  A lot of people, both external and internal are working for one aircraft. It also involves a number of systems and processes to deliver one aircraft. People, systems and processes need to come together to deliver and maintain aircraft. This whole collaboration needs to be highly transparent and visible to deliver aircraft efficiently.
  1. Delivery and Service – Safety and documentation is a very important activity for any aircraft delivery. All steps and processes need to be properly documented and executed through respective teams. Any of these missing steps/processes  lead to delayed aircraft delivery. 
Airlines

This mega deal will generate all kinds of  job opportunities within India and across the world wherever Air India will fly. This deal will also impact the Air India system and process.  

  1. Airlines Route management – More aircraft for airlines, more robust and transparent route management system. Any of these systems delay airline operation. You also need to collaborate with your partner airlines route for high profit margin. These systems and processes need more people across the world wherever Air India airlines will fly. Digital transformation will also help to transparent the whole system and increase operational efficiency.
  1. Aircraft Maintenance and parts management –  Aircraft maintenance and part management is a big challenge for airlines. Like Air India buying more aircraft it will need a more transparent maintenance  system/tracking, people and airlines hubs. Airlines also need large hangers to maintain their aircraft. 
  1. Employee management and experience – More aircraft, more routes and more employees to manage the whole airline system. This includes more corporate employees, In flight crews and ground maintenance associates  recruitment, onboarding & retention. 
Airport 

An airport is a massive business and has many verticals on its own. An airport as not just the spaces you see, such as departure, arrivals hall, duty free, security, etc. but an airport is a complex organization with many parties coming and going, the airport, retailers, service providers on the airside, the airlines, the cargo & warehousing spaces, aircraft MRO, fueling, as well as day authorities such as air traffic control, customs for people & Cargo, security, fire & emergency services, etc.

Since Air India is increasing its fleet , It will also impact airport operation and process. It will bring more opportunities to the airport.

  1. Efficient passenger process – Airport customer service, passport control, boarding/arrival, airport gate management comes in this category. It will be heavily impacted with more flights from Air India.
  2. Airport Safety, Security and health management – With this deal, more travelers will arrive and depart from the airport. To keep airports safe and secure, airports need more resources and their system transparent. They need to enable touchless solution to create perceived security around COVID-19
  3. Baggage operation – Baggage operation and management  is also a very important process for airports. This process will also get heavily impacted with this new  Aircraft purchase.
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Retail 2023: The new Trend

From the last few years COVID pandemic has changed the whole Retail business spectrum in ways we could have never imagined before. Exploring new and accelerated trends gives us an indication of how this evolution will continue into the new normal. This pandemic also leads to closure of countless stores and bankruptcy. After surviving from the pandemic, inflation is hard hitting Retail business. Supply chain is also getting impacted with the Russia-Ukraine war. Now experts are saying that the greatest risk facing global supply chains has shifted from the pandemic to the Russia-Ukraine military conflict and the geopolitical and economic uncertainties.

With all this news for Retail industries, customer expectations and habits have shifted. Customers expect engagement on values to go beyond point of purchase to creating moments of engagement across the full journey. Now retailers have been compelled to find new ways to connect with consumers in a personalized and tailored way in-store as well as online to make a more intuitive experience. Retailers are going more digitized in their approach to connect with customers.

This is how retailers are moving forward to reach a wider customer base and lure their product. 

  1. e-commerce Technologies – In pandemic time if your business presence was not online then you will be out of business quickly. So Retailers have increased investment in e-commerce technologies. They increased the budget for digital transformation. To get ahead of competition, they are offering a mix of digital and physical experiences ahead of their rivals. Retailers are also focusing on customer service and providing seamless service experience across messaging, web and mobile channels. Retailers are creating a cohesive and connected customer shopping journey with e-commerce and unified data across systems.
  1. Infrastructure– Retailers are upgrading their instore as well as online infrastructure. They are replacing traditional store signs with digital signs and screens to display ads and videos. They are also adding kiosks and self-checkouts within the store. This is making the shopping experience more convenient and personalized. Shoppers are in and out, without having to make small talk or wait in queues. Deployment of in-store technologies double in a year.
  1. API-first and Cloud – Retailers are focused on Composable architecture. Composable architectures are key players to  implement successful digital transformations and most engaging digital experiences. 2023 will be a year of focus for retailers to remove entirely their legacy monolithic architectures. API-first and Cloud based solutions help retailers to switch to new functionality without the need for significant investment and resources. This will reduce the incredible amount of time and cost of ownership of a fraction of legacy technologies. API-first connectivity helps customers to shop anytime, anywhere and anyhow. 
  1. Customer experience – Customer experience is the one the main focus for Retailers this year. The focus of customer experience is online as well as in store experience. Retailers are providing customers enhanced assisted-selling experiences through assisted Selling. They are also focusing online customers through distributed OMS (Order Management System), Omni-channel and remote Selling. Retails are preparing for next level customer experience through loyalty(customers long-term relationships), native App and AI based digital fitting room.
  1. Merchandising & Supply Chain – Retailers are providing real time tracking and inventory information to their customers. They are also providing purchase incentives to their loyal customers so that they can keep engaging customers for their products. Retailers are also focusing on upgradation of warehouse management (WMS) to fulfill in-store as well as online orders.
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ChatGPT: A Intro & Company Use-Case

The internet is full of buzz about the new AI based chatbot, chatGPT. ChatGPT reminds me of the early days of  google, how google came and changed our internet search forever. We were using lycos search engine but google gave a new definition of search engine. Similarly I am seeing chatGPT is trying to define our search which is based on AI and AI models. It is coming as a new disruptive technology. Suddenly google is looking like old school.

Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3)  from OpenAI, is the main component for Jasper.ai and other cloud based content writing, chatbot and machine learning applications. GPT-3 was first publicly released by OpenAI on June 11, 2020.  GPT-3 is based on the concept of natural language processing (NLP) tasks and “generative pretraining”, which involves predicting the next token in a context of up to 2,048 tokens. 

GPT-3 is based on Large language models (LLMs). Large language models (LLMs) are AI tools that can read, summarize, and translate text. They can predict words and craft sentences that reflect how humans write and speak.Three popular and powerful large language models include Microsoft ’s Turing NLG, DeepMind’s Gopher, and OpenAI ’s GPT-3.

ChatGPT was first publicly released by OpenAI on November 30, 2022 based on the GPT-3 framework. Initially developed as part of the GPT-3 research program, ChatGPT was built on top of the powerful GPT-3.5 language model to specifically address natural language processing tasks that involve customer service chat interactions.

OpenAI’s Chat GPT3 has demonstrated the capability of performing professional tasks such as writing software code and preparing legal documents. It has also shown a remarkable ability to automate some of the skills of highly compensated knowledge workers in general. ChatGPT has immense potential for ecommerce customer experience automation. ChatGPT allows customers to personalized shopping and fully automated 24 x 7 customer service on-demand.

In spite of chatGPT buzzwords, ability to content writing and customer service on-demand, I am little careful to use this technology for my business. I tested a few use-cases in chatGPT. It is working fine with some simple use-case and problem solving. But as soon as I added a few more variables to my problem, the chatGPT response was not correct.

Here is screenshot from ChatGPT for my problem and solution from chatGPT

The problem shown above chatGPT directly calculated from equation and response came as 5 min.

In chatGPT’s response it is not calculating a person’s waiting time in the queue. 

So from above question right answer would be

Average Waiting Time = Average Processing Time x Utilization / (1-Utilization).

Average Waiting Time = 5 x (5/6) / (1 – 5/6) = 25 minutes

So, the correct answer is 25 minutes waiting in line. If we add the 5 minutes at the kiosk, we obtain a total of 30 minutes.

So from the above issue, I would like to highlight a few points if your company is trying to implement any ChatGPT solution.

  1. Does the ChatGPT AI model is configured based on your company use case?
  2. Do you have enough historical data to run and test AI based chatGPT LLM models?
  3. ChatGPT runs on the big model like LLM model. Big models incur a big cost, and LLM are expensive.
  4. Since ChatGPT runs on a big model (LLM), ChatGPT  needs to overcome performance constraints.

Keep an eye out for GPT-4, which may be released as early as the first half of 2023. This next generation of GPT may be better at their results and more realistic. 

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Recession: Impact in Software as a Service(SaaS) 

Global uncertainties continue to dominate headlines. Inflation is expected to reach the highest levels of ~3.5% in the US and Europe by the end of 2023. To ease inflation, Central Banks need to dampen demand, by making it expensive (for financial institutions, businesses and households) to borrow by increasing Federal Reserve interest rates . We are expecting a federal rate hike of 4.75% – 5.0% by the end of 2023. These are all data showing we are heading toward recession. The US labor market was robust last quarter but this quarter it is not very promising. Everyday we are hearing layoff news from different sectors.

IMF inflation forecast

These inflation and layoff news are impacting our tech market. Many companies have a growth challenge: They expect to get as much as 50 percent of their revenue from new businesses and products by 2026 but are not on a path that will take them there. Current economic conditions are forcing high-growth yet unprofitable tech startups to tighten their financial belts.

There are few realities, software companies are facing for their growth.

US-based Venture capitalists backed software startups slowed down – VC are very clear of high valuation and demanding that companies spend less, improve profit margin and high output. Unicorn creation also slowed in 2022 Q4. This is one of the lowest quarterly count since the first quarter of 2020.

Depressed company valuations – Private company valuations are cooling down. Over the last 4 quarters, we have seen public valuations compressing.

 Software companies have three critical revenue streams.

  1. License / Subscription Revenue – When the customer pays for the right to own and use a copy of the software/hardware product or subscribe/access  software platform
  2. software or hardware product – Customer pays for ongoing support or premium support.
  3. Cloud based licensed software – Customer pays the software provider for specific deliverables such as software implementation or technical training.

In the current world all these 3 revenue streams are shrinking. Companies are using only essential services to run their business. This is directly impacting software revenue, which is leading these companies into low valuation.

Infrastructure Maintenance –  SaaS companies are providing the software as a service. This means the customer does not have to purchase hardware to run the software—that cost is transferred to the SaaS provider. This is implying continuous software running coast. This cost is not going anywhere.So due to inflation this SaaS running cost increases tremendously.

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Recession: Industry Impact

Recession prospect is certainly very scary. World over economies are contracting. The recession has had a significant impact on the global economy, leading to decreased GDP growth and an uncertain future for many industries. The IMF cut its forecast of global GDP for the year to 2.7% and for the US GDP growth forecast is 1.4% .China and India are key players for the world’s supply-chain requirement. Post COVID pandemic China is still struggling to provide supply-chain needs to the world and India is still in process to build supply-chain needs. Escalating Russia-Ukraine war and geopolitical tension is disrupting the world’s supply-chain. 

Due to all these issues,Inflation is very high across the world. The inflation rate depends on the balance between aggregate supply and aggregate demand within the economy. US inflation consumer prices rose 7% approx. in December 2022 from a year ago. Inflation driving up vendor price beyond budget expectation. The US Federal Reserve is increasing interest rates in the most aggressive way to curb this inflation. 

No industry is completely insulated from a recession, there are always opportunities within even the most impacted industries. The Impact of recession  is not equal for all kinds of industries. Most impacted industries are directly proportional to consumer sentiment, consumer basic requirement and consumer spending. Least impacted industries are not directly proportion to user sentiment and it is also supported by external system.

Here is worldwide recession industry impact index

In the above chart, most impact industries are consumer, consumer services and transportation. After COVID-19 this industry is cautiously optimistic about the return of travel and tourism. But  inflation and a volatile market are pulling these industries down. Loyalty programs are weakening between brand and customer. Recession industry impact index is average 8.5/10 approx. Hospitality and Airlines industries are trying to optimize their process to mitigate their risk. They are cutting routes, reducing flights, and, in some cases, shutting down offices to help reduce expenditures.

Retail and Manufacturing industries and also getting impacted with current inflation and escalating geopolitical tension. Clearly the industry has experienced unprecedented supply chain pressures and disruptions over the past two years; Global disruptions – such as the Russia / Ukraine war – continue to impact manufacturing supply chains, thereby increasing costs and delays. Recession industry impact index for this industry is 7.5/10 approx. Retail and Manufacturing industries are working on omni-channel commerce platforms, optimized operations, and omni-channel order orchestration and fulfillment to mitigate their risk. They are reducing overhead cost and going for digital.

The Federal/Central Government is the most recession proof industry. It needs to make ongoing investment to keep the country running. Critical infrastructure management, border, customs and immigration management are key activities the government can not ignore and reduce investment. Even in COVID-19 pandemic time influx of federal funding and ample emergency funds put state and local entities in recession-ready shape. Recession industry impact index for this industry is 1/10 approx.

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RPA, BOTS, AI and API

In today’s competitive markets, industries face many challenges in order to remain successful. These include staying ahead of the competition, understanding customers need and preferences, and providing a high level of service that will make customers happy.

Here are few challenges for current industries

  1. Resolve customer issues ASAP
  2. Collect and qualify customer information
  3. Easily connect to business process
  4. Enable business new features quickly.

In current business requirements 90% of organizations see increased demand for automation from business teams, due to that 95% of IT leaders are prioritizing automation. 

Automation is a critical component of digital transformation and business success. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) bots are at the forefront of this revolution, providing businesses with an automated solution to optimize their processes while improving customer experiences. RPA bots can be used in many areas such as data entry, document processing and workflow management; they automate repetitive tasks that would otherwise take up valuable resources from human employees. This automation not only increases efficiency but also reduces costs associated with manual labor, allowing companies to focus on more pressing issues like innovation or collaboration between departments. By utilizing intelligent bots powered by artificial intelligence (AI), companies can further streamline operations and provide customers with immediate feedback on requests or inquiries in real time without manual intervention from employees. Additionally, natural language processing (NLP) capabilities allow chatbots used in websites or apps to respond quickly and accurately when communicating with customers.

Using NLP, Bots can decipher specific sentences or words customers type and associate them to an intent. NLP provides insights by analyzing past chat transcripts to identify common customer utterances or phrases (such as order status, account information, password reset, logging an issue, etc.) that the Bot can use to take action. A predictive model for bots to understand intent and take action called intent model. The intent model is made up of intents and utterances.

APIs , NLP and AI are the essential components for Bots. Once an intent model from NLP identifies action then Bots call APIs. APIs help to execute tasks from the backend system for Bots. Suppose if users are looking for order status from bots and APIs are not responding on time it will fail the whole Bots purpose. So APIs are one of the key components for Bots.

APIs streamline Bots tasks and automated any process/tasks for any team. Bots and APIs empower business and IT teams to collaborate with ease and break silos in every step of their automation journey. Enable end-to-end automation at scale Reuse and compose RPA securely.

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API Security

API is a key component of digital transformation. API is the interface of your legacy and SAAS data. The goal of APIs is to facilitate the transfer and enablement  of data between your system and external users. APIs are typically available through public networks like the internet to communicate to external users and expose your data into the public domain.

Since your data is exposed into the public domain through APIs, It can lead to a data breach. APIs can be broken and expose sensitive personal as well as company data. An insecure API can be an easy target for hackers to gain access to your system and network. Rise of IOT devices and usage of APIs by these IOT devices, APIs are now more vulnerable. 

According to owasp, these are 10 main API vulnerabilities.

  1. Broken Object Level Authorization – Expose endpoints that handle object identifiers, creating a wide attack surface Level Access Control issue.
  2. Broken User Authentication – Authentication mechanisms are implemented incorrectly.
  3. Excessive Data Exposure – Developers  expose all object properties without considering their individual sensitivity
  4. Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting – APIs do not impose any restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be requested by the client/user, lead to Denial of Service (DoS) attack on APIs
  5. Broken Function Level Authorization – Complex access control policies with different hierarchies lead to authorization flaws.
  6. Mass Assignment – Without proper properties filtering based on an allowlist, usually leads to Mass Assignment.
  7. Security Misconfiguration – Misconfiguration or lack of Security configuration  is commonly a result of insecure APIs
  8. SQL Injection – SQL Injection occurs when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query.
  9. Improper Assets Management – APIs tend to expose more endpoints than traditional web applications lead to improper expose APIs.
  10. Insufficient Logging & Monitoring – Insufficient logging and monitoring fail to find your vulnerability and broken integration.

How to mitigate API security risk?

  • API supports secure sockets layer (SSL), transport layer security (TLS), and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocols, which provide security by encrypting data during the transfer process.
  • Apply Basic Auth minimum with API or  if you want to more secure your API then enable 2 way authentication through OAuth framework . 
  • Apply Authorization on each API resource to more control on API security through external Identity and access management provider (IAM).
  • Use encryption and signatures to all your API exposed personal and organizational sensitive data.
  • Apply API throttling through API manager to control number of user access per API (Rate Limiting).
  • Implement best practice of exception handling on your APIs to hide all your internal server and database information to mitigate SQL injection security risk.
  • Use Service Mesh to manage different layers of API management and control.
  • Audit your APIs and remove all unused API from your API catalog.
  • Add proper logging, Monitoring and Alerting on your APIs to keep track of your APIs activity.

Conclusion: APIs are a critical part of modern AI, mobile, SaaS, IOT and web applications. APIs Security should be the main focus on strategies and solutions to mitigate the unique vulnerabilities and security risks .

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Covid 19 :Digital Transformation

Digital Transformation

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is one of the worst pandemic in recent history. This pandemic is affecting almost every person in the world. This pandemic is changing our living style, working style and also affecting our society.

This pandemic crisis raised a number of unique challenges among small and enterprise businesses. Organizations are navigating the business and facing unique operational challenges and delivering their product to their customers during the pandemic. 

During this COVID-19 pandemic crisis here are few business challenges 

  • Resource Management 
  • Client Management 
  • Digital/online transformation 
  • Employee Remote work management

In this pandemic crisis API is playing a pivotal role to help their customers to migrate their business into digital through digital transformation solutions. API is playing a pivotal role to expedite digital transformation. API is also providing a platform  and solution for crisis management during this pandemic.

Here is API solution for business

  • Make decisions — APIs are creating open platforms that expose critical COVID and organization data to enable organization proper management and tracking.These API enable data are helping to create dashboard and AI model. These dashboard and AI models help organizations to  take decision or forecast their future strategy.
  • Respond and deliveries — Tracking and Management APIs are  enabling organizations to respond quickly for any crisis and deliver their product on time.This helps any organization to expand their business and digitalize their legacy system & assets.
  • Return to work — APIs, templates and connectors are helping to unlock employee data. Organizations are integrating with ERP systems through APIs and unlocking their employee and resources data during pandemic. It is also facilitating/helping their employees to return their work during pandemic time either remote or onsite.
  • Simplify delivery — Enabling APIs, templates and micro-services are helping to simplify and  improve their business process during pandemic.This is also helping to enable new innovation within organization and opening new business opportunity.

Covid 19 is also expediting digital transformation in healthcare. It is reshaping the way humans interact with technology in healthcare and Public Health Agencies  or Federal Regulators. COVID-19 is also pushing healthcare organizations to embrace the idea of digital health and intelligent data integration as a tool. “Contact tracing” during pandemics is only possible through enablement of APIs. Federal and state governments are getting “contact tracing” patient data through API and using this data to trace down the source of pandemic.

API is also enabling pharmaceutical industries to deliver medicine fast and on time. It is also helping to manage and track medicine dose and availability. 

Conclusion: Covid is disrupting whole industries and pushing companies to digital transform their process forever.

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Mulesoft Performance Tunning

API Performance Tunning
  1. Keep the application synchronous if possible. Synchronous flows avoid serialization/deserialization of messages sent through VM queues, do not cause context switches, and do not cause contention when messages move across thread pools.
  1. Store as little as possible in variables. The vars are serialized and deserialized every time a message crosses an endpoint, even if it is a VM endpoint. This will impact performance overhead in direct proportion to the size of variables and the number of endpoints. 
  1. Use Dataweave Java payloads whenever possible. The usage of a canonical data model is recommended for projects that deal with data (mapping, transformation etc.). It is also recommended to create them in Java objects as dataweave whenever possible, as this provides the fastest format to access fields and change information and to convert to other formats.
  1. Encourage dataweave  languages. For better performance, use Dataweave for simple data extraction from messages, and Java components with dataweave for everything else. 
  1. Use flow references instead of VM endpoints. To communicate between flows internally within an application, use flow references instead of VM endpoints. The VM connector, even though it is an in-memory protocol, emulates transport semantics that serialize and deserialize parts of your messages, most notably the vars. This makes it slower than a flow reference, which just injects messages into the referenced flow with no intermediate steps. Please note that in some cases the usage of VM endpoints is preferred (see the chapter on reliability patterns). For example, a Mule cluster can load balance applications that use VM endpoints by deferring execution to another, available node in the cluster.
  1. Cache aggressively. Take advantage of Mule’s caching scope when making requests to external resources like Web services or databases. Also consider caching reusable assets such as security tokens or ephemeral API keys and cookies. Mule’s Notification subsystem can additionally be used to “warm up” a cache when Mule starts. For example, consider doing this for situations where an initial cache miss is not acceptable.
  1. Configure message processors and endpoints at the global level. Some connectors allow you to configure some parameters at both the global and the endpoint/message processor level. We recommend placing the configuration at a global level to avoid repeated initialization of resources. 
  1. Avoid creating a large volume of business events. Business events incur performance overhead in Mule and in platform when platform’s internal event buffer overflows. Thus, avoid using either default flow level business events or a large volume of custom business events in a high message volume project.
  1. Consider using message compression. For communicating between Mule applications over the network consider using Mule’s compression processors to compress/decompress the message payloads before they hit the wire if their sizes are large.
  1. Consider using VM queues instead of an external message broker. VM queues are fast and have some guaranteed delivery semantics in a cluster. Consider using these instead of going out to an external messaging broker for inter-application Mule communication.
  1. Use the async scope when appropriate. If a flow is performing processing on a message that is neither modifying the message nor changing how it is routed, then it could be wrapped in an async block. This will cause the processing to occur in a different thread and will avoid adding unnecessary overhead to processing the message.
  2. Use connection pooling for connectors because the performance cost of establishing a connection to another data source, such as a database, is relatively high.
  3. Optimize your logging within your mule flows. Too much logging will slow down your process and too less logging will hard to debug.
  4. Encryption and decryption of data is very costly. Whenever your Mule application really needs then apply encryption/decryption on your data.